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- Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)– a ligament in the center of the knee that prevents the shin bone (tibia) from moving forward on the thigh bone (femur).
- Anterior Force
- Anterior translation
- Bone Marrow – A spongy tissue found inside certain bones, such as the hip, thigh, and spine. It is the primary site of blood cell production, including red blood cells (which carry oxygen), white blood cells (which fight infection), and platelets (which help in clotting). This process is known as hematopoiesis.
- Cruciate ligament – control the front and back motion of your knee.
- Diagnostic ultrasound – is an imaging method that uses sound waves to show structures inside your body.
- Distal – refers to parts of the body further away from the center.
- Endpoint
- Femur – is the longest and strongest bone in your body, also known as the thigh bone.
- Gait – is a person’s pattern or style of walking.
- Graft –
- Insoles – a piece of material inside a shoe on which your foot rests to make it warmer or more comfortable.
- Laxity – looseness of a limb or muscle
- Ligament – tough fibrous band of connective tissue that serves to support the internal organs and hold bones together in proper articulation at the joints.
- Magnetic Resonance Imagery (MRI) Scan – is a type of scan that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the inside of the body
- Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) – is one of several ligaments that connect the thighbone to the shinbone.
- Posterior Translation
- Proximal – refers to a part of the body that is closer to the center of the body than another part.
- Range of motion (ROM) – refers to how far you can move or stretch a part of your body, such as a joint or a muscle.
- Rotational instability
- Subluxation – is an incomplete or partial dislocation of a joint.
- Stem Cells – Undifferentiated cells found in various parts of the body, including bone marrow, fat tissue, and the brain. These cells have the unique ability to develop into different types of specialized cells and play a crucial role in repairing and regenerating damaged tissues. Stem cells are also found in umbilical cord blood and are a key focus of regenerative medicine research.
- Tibia – also known as the shinbone or shankbone which is one of two bones that comprise the leg.
- Valgus force
- Vitamin B12 – Found in animal products like meat, fish, eggs, and dairy. Essential for nerve function, red blood cell production, and DNA synthesis.
- Vitamin C – Found in citrus fruits like oranges, lemons, and grapefruits, as well as strawberries, bell peppers, and broccoli. Vitamin C is essential for collagen production, immune support, and acting as an antioxidant. In oranges, Vitamin C is primarily located in the pulp and juice, making it a significant source of daily intake.
- Vitamin E – Present in foods like nuts, seeds, spinach, and vegetable oils. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that helps protect cells from oxidative damage. It can also be extracted into Vitamin E oil, which is used topically for skin hydration and protection.
- Vitamin F – Consists of essential fatty acids (linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid), found in nuts, seeds, and oils like flaxseed or sunflower oil. Essential for skin health and cell membrane function.
- Vitamin G – An old term for riboflavin (Vitamin B2), found in dairy products, eggs, and green vegetables. It aids in energy production and cell function.
- Vitamin K – Found in leafy greens like spinach, kale, and broccoli, as well as fermented foods. Vitamin K is vital for blood clotting and bone health. For newborns, it is often administered as an injection shortly after birth to prevent Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding (VKDB).
- Vitamin N – A less commonly used term referring to lipoic acid, found in spinach, broccoli, and organ meats. It acts as an antioxidant and supports energy metabolism.
- Vitamin U – Found in raw cabbage and other cruciferous vegetables, it is believed to support gut health and ulcer healing.
- X-ray – is a common imaging test that uses invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bones, and organs on film or digital media.